Jainism

Ancient Indian religion emphasizing non-violence (ahimsa), karma as a physical substance, and liberation through ascetic practice.

Related Notes

• Buddhism - Shared concepts of karma and liberation
• Cārvāka - Opposing materialist view
• Vedanta - Different metaphysical framework
• Sāṃkhya - Similar dualistic elements
• Evolution - Jain views on life and consciousness

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Compare Jain theory of karma as physical substance with modern physics